Genes y Mutaciones Implicados en Distrofias Retinianas

Autores/as

  • Delia Porras

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.56172/oftalmica.v24i.41

Palabras clave:

distrofia retiniana, mutación, fenotipos, genoma

Resumen

INTRODUCCIÓN: Las enfermedades retinianas hereditarias (IRD por sus siglas en inglés), son un grupo heterogéneo de enfermedades visualmente debilitantes causadas por la variación patogénica en proteínas críticas para la función retiniana. El diagnóstico temprano y preciso es necesario para las personas con IRD para permitir la toma de decisiones del paciente, identificar estudios clínicos adecuados, oportunidades de tratamiento y mejorar los resultados del paciente. METODOLOGÍA: Se realizó una revisión bibliográfica en las bases de datos PUBMED y MEDLINE de MeSH: “Inherited Retinal Diseases”, “mutations”, “molecular diagnosis”. Se utilizó filtros de búsqueda para obtener estudios denominados como ensayos clínicos o multicéntricos, estudios observaciones y de revisión. RESULTADOS: IRD siguen patrones de herencia simples (autosómica dominante, autosómico recesivo, ligado al cromosoma X y mitocondrial) y están asociados con mutaciones en 280 genes. La compleja base molecular de las IRD refleja una gama igualmente heterogénea de fenotipos clínicos, que varían en términos de compromiso del tipo de célula/tejido, inicio de la enfermedad, gravedad y progresión. CONCLUSIÓN: El reconocimiento de estas mutaciones y su adecuada aplicabilidad en la práctica clínica supone un avance extraordinario en el abordaje de esta patología.

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Publicado

2023-07-15

Cómo citar

Porras, D. (2023). Genes y Mutaciones Implicados en Distrofias Retinianas. Revista Oftálmica, 24, 22–43. https://doi.org/10.56172/oftalmica.v24i.41

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Revisión de literatura